Acromioclavicular (AC) separation

Acromioclavicular (AC) separation, also known as shoulder separation, occurs when the ligaments connecting the acromion (shoulder blade) and clavicle (collarbone) are stretched or torn, causing partial or complete separation.

Types:

1. Mild (Type I): Minimal separation, no visible deformity

2. Moderate (Type II): Partial separation, slight deformity

3. Severe (Type III): Complete separation, noticeable deformity

4. Critical (Type IV-VI): Severe separation with additional injuries

Causes:

- Direct blows to the shoulder (e.g., falls, sports collisions)

- Indirect forces (e.g., falling onto an outstretched hand)

- Sports injuries (e.g., football, hockey, skiing)

Symptoms:

- Pain and tenderness

- Swelling and bruising

- Limited mobility and strength

- Visible bump or deformity

- Grinding or snapping sensations

Treatment:

- Conservative:

    - Rest and ice

    - Pain management

    - Physical therapy

    - Bracing or taping

- Surgical:

    - Ligament repair or reconstruction

    - Clavicle fixation

    - Rehabilitation

Recovery:

- Mild cases: 2-4 weeks

- Moderate cases: 4-6 weeks

- Severe cases: 3-6 months

Complications:

- Chronic pain

- Limited mobility

- Arthritis

- Recurrent separation