Chondromalacia patella

Chondromalacia patella, also known as patellar cartilage softening, is a condition where the cartilage on the underside of the kneecap (patella) deteriorates and becomes soft. Causes and risk factors include:

1. Overuse or repetitive strain

2. Poor tracking or alignment of the patella

3. Weak quadriceps or hip muscles

4. Tight or inflexible muscles

5. Direct trauma or injury

6. Biomechanical issues (e.g., knock knees, flat feet)

7. Age-related wear and tear

Symptoms:

1. Pain in the front of the knee, usually around the kneecap

2. Pain when:

    - Climbing stairs

    - Squatting

    - Lunging

    - Running

    - Jumping

3. Pain with prolonged sitting or kneeling

4. Grinding or crunching sensation in the knee

5. Swelling or inflammation

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination

2. Imaging studies (X-rays, MRI) to rule out other conditions

Treatment:

1. Conservative management:

    - Physical therapy

    - Pain management

    - Lifestyle modifications

    - Orthotics or shoe inserts

2. Strengthening exercises:

    - Quadriceps

    - Hip muscles

    - Core

3. Flexibility and stretching exercises

4. Patellar mobilization techniques

5. Modalities (e.g., heat, cold, electrical stimulation)

Surgical options (if conservative management fails):

1. Arthroscopy

2. Patellar shaving or smoothing

3. Cartilage repair or restoration

Recovery:

1. Gradual return to activities

2. Continued strengthening and stretching exercises

3. Patellar taping or bracing (if necessary)

4. Follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider