Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition characterized by pain in the front of the knee, usually around the kneecap (patella). Causes and risk factors include:

1. Overuse or repetitive strain

2. Poor tracking or alignment of the patella

3. Weak quadriceps or hip muscles

4. Tight or inflexible muscles

5. Abnormal gait or running mechanics

6. Direct trauma or injury

7. Biomechanical issues (e.g., knock knees, flat feet)

Symptoms:

1. Pain in the front of the knee, usually around the kneecap

2. Pain when:

    - Climbing stairs

    - Squatting

    - Lunging

    - Running

    - Jumping

3. Pain with prolonged sitting or kneeling

4. Grinding or crunching sensation in the knee

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination

2. Imaging studies (X-rays, MRI) to rule out other conditions

Treatment:

1. Conservative management:

    - Physical therapy

    - Pain management

    - Lifestyle modifications

    - Orthotics or shoe inserts

2. Strengthening exercises:

    - Quadriceps

    - Hip muscles

    - Core

3. Flexibility and stretching exercises

4. Patellar mobilization techniques

5. Modalities (e.g., heat, cold, electrical stimulation)

Recovery:

1. Gradual return to activities

2. Continued strengthening and stretching exercises

3. Patellar taping or bracing (if necessary)

4. Follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider