A bunion

A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a common foot deformity characterized by:

1. A bony bump on the joint of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

2. The big toe turning towards the smaller toes (valgus deformity)

3. Redness, swelling, and pain around the affected area

Causes:

1. Genetics

2. Poorly fitting shoes

3. Abnormal gait or biomechanics

4. Rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory conditions

5. Age-related wear and tear

Symptoms:

1. Pain or tenderness around the bunion

2. Redness and swelling

3. Difficulty walking or wearing shoes

4. Corns or calluses on adjacent toes

5. Limited mobility or stiffness

Treatment:

1. Conservative management:

    - Wide, comfortable shoes

    - Padding or orthotics

    - Pain management with medication

    - Physical therapy

2. Surgical correction:

    - Bunionectomy (removal of the bony bump)

    - Realignment of the big toe

    - Correction of underlying biomechanical issues

Prevention:

1. Wear proper fitting shoes

2. Use orthotics or shoe inserts

3. Maintain a healthy weight

4. Avoid repetitive stress or trauma

5. Consider genetic predisposition