Decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS), also known as the bends or caisson disease, occurs when a person experiences a rapid change in pressure, causing gas bubbles to form in their bloodstream and tissues.

Causes:

1. Scuba diving or snorkeling

2. High-altitude flying or space travel

3. Pressure changes during tunnel or caisson work

4. Medical procedures involving pressure changes

Symptoms:

1. Joint pain or stiffness (the "bends")

2. Fatigue or weakness

3. Skin rash or itching

4. Muscle cramps

5. Shortness of breath or coughing

6. Chest pain or tightness

7. Neurological symptoms (e.g., numbness, tingling, confusion)

Treatment:

1. Immediate medical attention

2. Oxygen therapy

3. Hyperbaric chamber treatment (pressurized oxygen therapy)

4. Pain management

5. Monitoring for respiratory or cardiac complications

Prevention:

1. Follow safe diving practices and protocols

2. Gradual pressure changes during ascent or descent

3. Avoid excessive physical exertion during pressure changes

4. Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol or caffeine

5. Monitor for symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur